Lung cancer occurred in bronchial epithelium, also known as bronchial cancer. The past 50 years many countries have reported the incidence of lung cancer increased significantly in the male lung cancer patients have been on top of the list. The etiology of lung cancer has not yet entirely clear, large amounts of data indicate that a large number of long-term cigarette smoking is lung cancer as an important pathogenic factors. Years of smoking 40 cigarettes a day or more, and undifferentiated squamous cell lung cancer than non-smokers high rate 4 ~ 10 times the incidence of lung cancer for urban residents than rural high, which may be related to atmospheric pollution and dust contained in letter cancer substances. So do not smoke should be promoted and strengthened the work of urban environmental sanitation.

  
Originated in the lung cancer confined to the basement membrane of bronchial epithelial carcinoma in situ cancer in those who called to bronchial cavity or / and adjacent lung tissue growth through blood or lymphatic metastasis of bronchial carcinoid tumor growth rate of proliferation and transfer of proliferation with carcinoid tumor histological differentiation, such as the type of biological characteristics to some extent.
The distribution of lung cancer than the left upper lobe right lung than from the main lower lobe bronchus to bronchiole may occur main bronchus cancer originated in the lung lobe bronchial hilar be known as the location near the central lung cancer; originated in the lung paragraph bronchial lung cancer the following location in the lung around the part of those who called the peripheral lung cancer.
Etiology
Lung cancer risk factors included smoking (including passive smoking), asbestos, radon, arsenic, ionizing radiation, halogen vinyl, polycyclic aromatic and aromatic compounds, nickel and so on. As follows:
(A) a large number of smokers in accordance with national survey data show that the cause of lung cancer and cigarette smoking are closely related lung cancer incidence rate of growth and an increase in cigarette sales was a parallel relationship between the cigarettes contain carcinogens benzopyrene and other laboratory animals inhalation cigarette smoke or tar can be applied respiratory tract and skin cancer induced by smoking habit in lung cancer incidence rates than non-smokers smoking 10 times larger than a higher incidence of non-smokers 20 times higher in Western European countries the end of this century With the increasing number of women smokers, female patients of lung cancer incidence rate also significantly increased the clinical diagnosis of lung cancer cases in daily cigarette smoking for more than 20 lasted more than 30 years, about 80% over the past 20 to 30 years of China's smokers The situation was very serious nearly 3 billion people have the habit of smoking adults in Beijing, Tianjin and Shanghai and other big cities male smoking rate nearly 50% of women almost five percent of smokers among young people and there are many if not take the necessary measures to discourage the use of tobacco control is the next 10 to 30 years the incidence of lung cancer in China is bound to further growth in the long-term smoking can lead to bronchial epithelial cells of phosphorus-like epithelial hyperplasia Health induced differentiation of squamous cell carcinoma or non-small cell lung cancer, while smoking habits may also be suffering from lung cancer but the gland Cancer is more common
(B) the air pollution industry developed a high incidence of lung cancer urban than in rural areas than in factories and mines of high residential areas mainly due to high traffic areas of industrial and oil and internal combustion engines, such as burning coal and asphalt road after the dust generated letter containing Benzopyrene harmful substances such as cancer hydrocarbon pollution of the atmosphere of the investigation materials that atmospheric concentrations Benzopyrene high incidence of lung cancer also increased air pollution and cigarette smoking on lung cancer incidence rates may be starting to promote synergy with each other
(C) occupational factors 30s of this century European literature, there Schneeberg mining a high incidence of lung cancer after years of reported research has been recognized long-term exposure to radioactive substances such as uranium-radium and its derivatives of hydrocarbons carcinogenic nickel chrome arsenic Cu-Sn iron coal tar pitch mustard oil substances such as asbestos-induced lung cancer can be largely undifferentiated squamous cell carcinoma and small cell carcinoma
(D) the lungs of chronic diseases such as pneumoconiosis, such as tuberculosis, silicosis and lung cancer both these cases the incidence of cancer is higher than normal addition bronchopulmonary chronic inflammation and scarring pulmonary fibrosis lesions in the healing process which might lead to squamous metaplasia or hyperplasia On this basis some cases may develop into cancer
(E) the inherent human genetic factors such as family, as well as reduce the metabolic activity immunodeficiency disorders such as endocrine function may also be the incidence of lung cancer from a certain role in promoting
symptoms
First, the early symptoms of
Lung cancer at an early stage and there is no special symptoms, only the general respiratory diseases shared by symptoms such as cough, sputum blood, low-grade fever, chest pain, stuffy and so on, can easily be ignored by patients and doctors. The following is a list of common symptoms of early lung cancer specific performance:
1. Cough. Lung cancer because of long in the lung, usually have symptoms of respiratory tract irritation and irritating cough occurred.
2. Low heat. After blocking the bronchial tumor often obstructive pulmonary exist, to varying degrees, light from the only low-grade fever, weight who have high fever, may be temporarily improved after treatment, but soon will relapse.
3. Chest pain. Early lung cancer less chest pain, mainly, dull pain, the site does not necessarily with the relationship between respiratory not sure. If the pain continues to occur is illustrated in cancer of the pleura may be involved.
4. Sputum blood. Inflammation-induced tumor necrosis, there will be a small amount of broken capillaries bleeding, often mixed with sputum, were intermittent or intermittent appear. Many lung cancer patients is due to blood and sputum attendance.
Second, the symptoms of advanced lung cancer
1. Face, neck edema. Mediastinal right there in the superior vena cava, which will come from the upper limbs and head and neck back to the heart of the blood transfusion. If mediastinal tumor invasion and oppression of the right superior vena cava, the initial cause jugular vein due to return poor and the final will also lead to face, neck edema, which requires timely diagnosis and treatment;
2. Hoarseness is the most common symptoms. Pronunciation function to control the left recurrent laryngeal nerve from the neck down to the chest, heart, great vessels to bypass the line back up to the throat, which dominated the left side of organs of speech.
3. Occurrence of a regional spread of patients with lung cancer is almost always a different degree of shortness of breath. Produced by the lung and the normal myocardial tissue fluid from the middle of the chest lymph nodes back to liquid. If these lymph nodes were tumor obstruction, these organizations will be the accumulation of fluid in the pericardial form or the accumulation of pericardial effusion in the chest cavity formation of pleural effusion. In either case, the above lead to shortness of breath. However, many smoking patients with varying degrees of chronic lung disease, shortness of breath which brought about the identification of certain difficulties. In addition, as part of the lung tissue due to loss of tumor long respiratory function, so that is a respiratory dysfunction resulting from respiratory discomfort, such discomfort at first only in the campaign generated, and ultimately even the rest may also be felt.
Third, clinical manifestations
The clinical manifestations of lung cancer and cancer of the parts of the size of whether the invasion and oppression, as well as neighboring organs such as the situation is closely related to whether or not the transfer of cancer in the larger endobronchial growth, often irritating cough bronchial cancer increased the impact of drainage, secondary lung infection can be Another common symptom is , usually bloody sputum point a small amount of blood or intermittent hemoptysis; some patients even if there is one or two in the diagnosis of also play an important reference value for some patients because of bronchial obstruction caused by a larger tumor, chest tightness, shortness of breath can occur symptoms such as fever and chest pain
Advanced lung cancer tissue adjacent oppression or distant metastasis, they can produce:
① oppression or violation of the phrenic nerve, causing paralysis ipsilateral diaphragm
② oppression or violation of recurrent laryngeal nerve, vocal cord paralysis caused hoarseness
③ oppression superior vena cava caused by facial and neck and upper chest upper extremity venous upper extremity venous hypertension subcutaneous edema
④ violations pleura, can cause pleural effusion, most bloody
⑤ invasive mediastinal cancer, oppression esophagus, can cause difficulty swallowing
⑥ on leaves at the top of lung cancer, also known as Pancoast Pancoast tumor or aneurysm, can be invasive thoracic catchy and oppression at the organ or tissue, such as the first rib supraclavicular brachial arteries and veins, such as cervical sympathetic nerve, resulting in neck pain vein or upper extremity venous edema and upper limb movement disorder ipsilateral upper eyelid ptosis, pupillary narrowing enophthalmos, facial Anhidrotic cervical sympathetic syndrome, etc.
A small number of lung cancer, endocrine substances generated as a result of cancer, clinical presence of non-metastatic systemic symptoms: such as bone and joint syndrome (clubbed fingers arthralgia periosteal hyperplasia) Cushing syndrome, myasthenia gravis multiple male breast muscle increased neuralgia symptoms, such as extra-pulmonary resection of lung cancer in these symptoms may disappear
Diagnosis
Based on the diagnosis of lung cancer include: x-ray manifestations of signs and symptoms, as well as cancerous cells in sputum examination (smear) in the diagnosis of the work should be based on the different steps taken to different situations
(A) X-ray negative smear-negative
1. Where the asymptomatic but with three major risk factors (age ≥ 45-year-old male and smoking> 400 / year) should be half-yearly 70 ~ 100mm fluorescence epitome of x-ray or chest perspective and sputum cytology
2. Where hemoptysis and / or dry cough accompanied by the three major risk factors should be repeated sputum cytology at the same time give the rules of anti-inflammatory treatment; could be considered for fiberoptic bronchoscopy (fiberbronchoscope Frederick) and television, such as Perspective repeated smear microscopy is still negative, or should be reviewed once every two months to adhere to one year
(B) X-ray negative smear-positive
1. Excluded from the upper respiratory tract and esophageal tumor
2. Conduct fiberbronchoscope seized and yaya see above for the event of suspicious local mucosal thickening or rough in the area for blood to be washed or brush biopsy needle bronchial mucous membrane, such as looking for cancer cells have found that partial or rough rugged obviously should be consider bite biopsy
3. Television perspective changes the focus of attention to hidden body parts in small nodular lesions
4. If the above checks have failed to find lesions should be reviewed every two months through sputum and bronchoscopy seized power also can be used for CT examination in the Department for the breakdown of suspicious layer periodic review for not less than one year
(C) X-ray negative smear-positive
1. There are paragraphs leaf obstructive pneumonia or pneumonia suspected to be central lung cancer should be seized, including by fiberbronchoscope fiberbronchoscope biopsy (TBB) or selective bronchography; and repeatedly strengthen smear
2. Lumps or nodules should be made conditional partial fault tablets can be by fiberbronchoscope lung biopsy (TBLB) or percutaneous lung biopsy or aspiration for cytologic diagnosis
3. For at least twelve more than smear
4. Recurrent smear-negative and x-ray is still a high degree of suspicion for lung cancer should be exploratory thoracotomy with frozen section biopsy
(D) X-ray positive smear-positive
1. Positive for pre-surgery
2. Suspected regional lymph nodes can be taken are lateral tilt layered tablets can be used for CT, when necessary, having limited small cell lung cancer in large hospitals should be using conventional CT and is adjacent to tilt the liver B-layered film isotope bone scan and bone marrow biopsy needle into a smear in order to facilitate the development of treatment programs
Check
1. Chest fluoroscopy and X-ray film can be seen changing circular shadow atelectasis, pneumonia and pleural effusion, such as chest X-ray tomography CT and MRI examination can understand the size of the tumor and lung lobe bronchi relationship necessary to carry out bronchial iodine Oil angiography
2. Recurrent cancer can be positive sputum search results confirmed the value of
3. Bronchoscopy lesions can be directly observed at the same time the desirability of living tissue pathological examination and the admission of bronchial secretions cancer smear investigation
4. Lung biopsy needle positioning accuracy of those who were smear-positive results in general will be confirmed to the value of
5. Superficial puncture or lymph node biopsy: When lung disease or lung cancer has yet to be confirmed with the widened mediastinum may be neck and supraclavicular palpable mass suspicious of subcutaneous lymph nodes and other parts of suspicious cancerous lymph node aspiration cell inspection or removal of biopsy to obtain histopathological diagnosis
[Edit this paragraph] Category
Clinically, generally divided into the following four types of lung cancer. Normally again as the first three non-small cell lung cancer (Non-small cell carcinoma), while small-cell lung cancer occurred in the larger bronchi, develop very fast, but the relationship between smoking and more closely. Small cell lung cancer has spread is often found the transfer of poor prognosis.
1. Squamous cell carcinoma (also known as squamous cell carcinoma): In the most common types of lung cancer accounts for about 50 percent prevalence of age mostly in men over the age of 50 accounted for the majority of the majority originated in the larger bronchial often Although central lung cancer the degree of differentiation of squamous cell carcinoma is different but the general growth is relatively slow pace of development longer course of radiation and chemotherapy more sensitive to the first lymph node metastasis by blood metastasis occurred late
2. Undifferentiated carcinoma: incidence rate after the incidence of squamous cell carcinoma were more common in younger men generally originated in the larger UN-central bronchial lung cancer cells under the organization can be divided into oat cell small round cells and large cell types, etc. Among them, the most common oat cell undifferentiated carcinoma of high-grade fast-growing and emerging early lymphatic and hematogenous extensive transfer of radiation and chemotherapy more sensitive in all types of lung cancer in the worst prognosis
3. Adenocarcinoma: origins in a small number of bronchial epithelial origin in the large bronchial mucous glands than the incidence of squamous cell carcinoma and undifferentiated carcinoma of the low incidence of younger female relative found the majority of adenocarcinoma originated in the smaller bronchial for peripheral lung cancer early general no obvious clinical symptoms are often in the chest x-ray examination was found showed round or oval lumps generally slower growth but sometimes occurred in the early stage of metastasis lymph node metastasis occurred late
4. Alveolar cell carcinoma: bronchial epithelial origin, also known as bronchioloalveolar carcinoma or bronchioloalveolar lung cancer in the surrounding parts in all types of lung cancer incidence rate in women compared minimum general found a higher degree of differentiation slow cancer growth bronchioloalveolar cell along the tube wall and alveolar growth without infringing alveolar septal lymphatic and blood metastasis occurred late but transbronchial lung or disseminated to other violations of pleural lavage cell carcinoma in the form of nodules and there are two types of diffuse the former can be a single nodule or multiple nodules; the latter form of pneumonia-like disease limited the scope of surgical resection of nodular better efficacy
treatment
Lung cancer treatment is based on the body condition of patients, tumor pathological types of violations of the scope and development trend of reasonably well-planned application of the existing treatment, with a view to greatly improve the cure rate and patients to the quality of life. Lung cancer treatment depends on the early diagnosis.
Lung cancer treatment methods are:
1. Surgical treatment: the limitations of tumor can be made equivalent to the effect of wide excision, the general recommendation lobectomy.
2. Chemotherapy: small-cell lung cancer to chemotherapy have a high degree of responsiveness.
3. Radiotherapy: the role of anti-cancer cells, is divided into radical and palliative.
4. Other topical treatment: to alleviate the symptoms and control of tumor development.
5. Biological mitigation mediation agent: can be used for small-cell lung cancer.
6. Chinese medicine treatment: Chinese medicine in the treatment of cancer have an important role in traditional Chinese and western medicine treatment can reduce the side effects, while Chinese medicine also has inhibitory effects on cancer cells, reducing patients radiotherapy and chemotherapy response and improve the capacity of the body resistance , in the consolidation of efficacy, to promote and restore function in the body play a supporting role.
Chinese medicine treatment
Primary bronchogenic carcinoma means primary bronchial and alveolar mucosa of the cancer, is one of the most common malignant tumor. Nearly half a century to many countries and regions of lung cancer morbidity and mortality rates are increasing every year, people in the male parties. Common form of lung cancer as cough, chest pain, hemoptysis, fever, dyspnea, so as to cough and common early symptoms.
The clinical disease in Chinese medicine is a "lung plot" areas. The main think this is because the righteous, yin and yang imbalance lung Six of evil, evil stagnation in the lungs, leading to lung dysfunction, lung resistance Yu, Sun fluid loss Secretary adverse Qi, blood blocked, body fluid loss in the losers cloth, Tianjin Poly for sputum,Qi stagnation, Blood venae, so sputum gas cementation blood poisoning, so time reveals plot block the formation of the lungs. Therefore, lung cancer is a whole body is true, partially true diseases. Virtual lung cancer to Yin, Yin Deficiency was more common; but in reality nothing more than stagnation of qi and blood stasis, the pathological changes of poly drug. On the beaches of the famous traditional Chinese medicine, "anti-cancer Pioneer Network" www.88vv.com.cn provides the following ways:
(1) Lily Sha Decoction: attending deficiency type of lung cancer. Chinese medicine that "dirty lung for Johnson, Heineken and evil run dry."
Most patients with lung cancer havethe pathological changes, such as Lily Fangzhong Yangyin Moistening Lung, Ziyin BuxueQingre, Qingre Jiedu swelling, so the treatment of certain lung cancer deficiency effect.
The Treatment by cytology or pathology and X-ray examination confirmed 785 cases of primary lung cancer patients, of which 630 cases of squamous cell carcinoma, 100 cases of adenocarcinoma, squamous carcinoma of 35 cases of mixed gland, 20 cases of unclassified. Symptom improvement after treatment, 557 cases of lesions and stability, survival more than 1 year 468 cases, of which 320 cases of survival for 2 years, 3 years 116 cases, 4 in 17 cases, 6 in 15 cases.
(2) Participation in winter white soup: attending Yin Deficiency type of lung cancer. Fangzhong Adenophora such as lung and kidney of Yin Zi, so too Jinshui
To Aioi; Chuanbei Moistening Lung cough, etc., Ziyin Moistening Lung, hemostasis Huoxue, spleen and stomach of funding sources; plus Yuxingcao such as Qingrejiedu, huoxuehuayu, Diuresis swelling, Sanjie Xiaoliu .
Yin Deficiency Treatment of the 930 cases of lung cancer, of which 722 cases of squamous cell carcinoma, 188 cases of adenocarcinoma; Ⅲ period of 12 cases, Ⅳ 18 cases. 1,2,3-year survival after treatment were more than 670 cases, 150 cases, 92 cases, the longest has been 5 years. Clinical Practice has proved that a large number of patients with advanced high-dose radiotherapy and chemotherapy, or patients who develop resistance to chemotherapy once again will only lead to weakness of the lives of more dying and accelerated the patients died. Clinical often can be seen, not because of the cause of death in patients with cancer itself, but because of unscientific, inappropriate treatment due to the destruction. Such as liver cancer after repeated intervention ascites, jaundice and other liver failure and death; lung cancer after chemotherapy hydrothorax led to respiratory failure and death; stomach cancer, colorectal cancer after chemotherapy nausea, vomiting, and death in patients with more failure; decline in white blood cells, patients infected with and death. "Fuzheng losses Act" is a traditional Chinese medicine treatment of lung cancer, the fundamental method to treat cancer, all kinds of name different methods are only to "help curb the balance" as the fundamental.
Surgical treatment
Treatment of lung cancer, in addition to stage Ⅳ Ⅲ b and outside the surgical treatment should be based on, or for surgical treatment-oriented stages according to different histopathological types of radiation therapy add little chemotherapy and immune therapy and comprehensive treatment of small cell lung cancer treatment indications program clinical practice to be constantly improving.
On survival after lung cancer surgery has been reported three-year period of national survival rate was 40% ~ 60%; the five-year survival rate was 22.9% ~ 44.3% operative mortality rate below 3%. More than on the beach by the famous Chinese medicine's "anti-cancer Pioneer Network" www.88vv.com.cn to provide solutions.
(A) surgical indications
1 no distant metastasis (M0) will include the substance of organs such as liver brain adrenal chest outside the lymph nodes and other bones
2. Cancer tissue adjacent to the thoracic organ or tissue, such as violations of the proliferation of aorta and superior vena cava esophagus, such as malignant pleural effusion
3. Non-recurrent laryngeal nerve phrenic nerve paralysis
4. No serious heart and lung function, or the near future low-fat angina Author
5. Without severe liver disease and severe diabetes
Generally have the following conditions shall be vigilant for surgery or require further examination and treatment:
(1) elderly and ailing poor cardiopulmonary function
(2) small-cell lung cancer in addition I wish to advance a view outside and after chemotherapy or radiotherapy to determine whether surgery
(3) x-ray findings in addition to the primary tumor outside the mediastinum is also the transfer of several suspicious persons
(B) thoracotomy laparotomy surgery indications where no taboos clear sign of lung cancer diagnosed or highly suspected to be lung cancer can be combined in accordance with specific conditions set out in section I of this chapter selection procedure if the lesion was found during operation has exceeded the original scope of resectability resection of cancer still are advised to remove the primary tumor surgery but this is known as the reduction in principle for pneumonectomy to other medicines for the treatment of postoperative adjuvant
(C) surgical resection of lung cancer and the meaning of the name
1. Palliative resection (P): Where a surgical resection when there are still remnants of the chest cavity cancer (Histopathology confirmed) or surgery that removed completely, such as normal bronchial stump naked eye but there is residual cancer cells under the microscope are referred to as palliative surgery
Where Intrathoracic suspicious residual cancer tissue Department Intraoperative metal tags to be supplemented with postoperative radiotherapy
2. Radical resection (R): radical mastectomy refers to the original cancer and its metastatic lymph nodes removed completely clean
Radical operation of lung cancer patients who require not only the naked eye to achieve radical is more important is to remove lymph nodes and bronchial stump under the microscope and no residual cancer cells in order to achieve this end I would radical operation of lung cancer is divided into four grades are as follows
Root 1 (R1): primary cancer and lymph node dissection from 1 station
Root 2 (R2): primary cancers and 12 points from lymph node dissection
Root 3 (R3): primary cancer and lymph node dissection were l23 Station
Gen-4 (B4): primary cancer and lymph node dissection were l234 Station
It should be noted that these four levels of radical refers to the scope of surgery to remove lymph nodes after radical mastectomy does not mean that the effect of
(D) the choice of lung cancer surgery in 1985 in accordance with the international stages of lung cancer on 0 Ⅰ Ⅱ and Ⅲ of lung cancer cases where no surgery can be both taboo levy surgical treatment of the principles of surgical resection: complete resection of primary tumor and the chest, there are lymph node metastasis and may be retained as far as possible the normal lung tissue-wide pneumonectomy advised caution
1. Local excision:it refers to wedge resection or segmentectomy and lung volume for a small primary carcinoma frail or poor lung function better differentiation of malignant cancer, such as low can be considered as partial lung resection
2. Lobectomy: For isolated peripheral lung cancer confined to one lobe with no obvious lymphadenopathy Lobectomy feasible if the cancer involving both lobes or intermediate bronchial feasible on the middle or lower middle of the two leaf Pneumonectomy
3. Sleeve lobectomy and wedge-shaped cuff Lobectomy: This procedure applies to more than the middle of the right lung on lung cancer, such as bronchial carcinoid tumor is located in leaves and leaf involved bronchial sleeve openings are feasible lobectomy; not involved Ye bronchial opening wedge feasible sleeve lobectomy
4. Pneumonectomy (normally try not to make the right pneumonectomy): Where the disease is not widely used method of removal of these lesions can be carefully considered line pneumonectomy
5. Protuberans resection and reconstruction surgery: lung tumors over the main bronchial or tracheal wall protuberans involved but not more than 2cm when: ① protuberans resection can be used for reconstruction or sleeve pneumonectomy; ② If retained securinine when arguing for the retention of lung surgery may be under the prevailing circumstances
(E) of recurrence or relapse of the surgical treatment of lung cancer
1. The treatment of multiple primary lung cancer: The diagnosis of multiple primary lung cancer were in accordance with the principles of its deal with the second primary processing
2. The treatment of recurrent lung cancer: the so-called recurrent lung cancer is the scope of the original surgical scar occurred with cancer or primary cancer-related intrathoracic recurrence of lung cancer known as recurrent its principles should be based on the patient's heart and lung functions and can whether surgical resection of the scope of the decision.
Radiation Therapy
(A) the principle of radiotherapy treatment of small cell carcinoma of the best squamous cell carcinoma followed by adenocarcinoma of small cell carcinoma of the worst but it is prone to transfer the use of large-scale asymmetric field radiation exposure to the district should include primary mediastinal bilateral supraclavicular and even liver and other parts of the brain to drug treatment with squamous cell carcinoma of the ray moderate degree of sensitivity to local violations of the main lesion transfer steamed bread therefore relatively more radical treatment of adenocarcinoma of the sensitivity of poor-ray and easily transfer it less hematogenous the use of simple-ray radiation therapy on the sensitivity of tumor in addition to suffering from the effects of pathological types of tumor is still affected by the size of tumor cell differentiation of tumor cells constitute a proportion of the tumor bed, etc. So many factors affect the development of radiotherapy plan should be carefully Analysis of a comprehensive conclusion can not easily be weighing the pros and cons
(B) adaptation of radiotherapy treatment for the purpose of the levy in accordance with the treatment of palliative care is divided into radical preoperative radiotherapy and postoperative radiotherapy Brachytherapy, etc.
1. Radical treatment of the scope of application
(1) there are contraindications or refused surgery for early surgical cases or lesions confined to the scope of the dish a case 150cm2
(2) liver and kidney functions were normal cardiopulmonary Hemogram white blood cell count is greater than 3 × 109 / 1 hemoglobin greater than 100g / 1 persons
(3) KS ≥ 60 hours prior to well-formulated plans to strictly enforce the treatment plan will not change even if there is radiation reaction should be to eradicate the tumor target
2. Palliative care: its purpose very much close to radical differences in the treatment of palliative care in order to alleviate the suffering of the extension of life of patients improve the quality of life; there are only alleviate the symptoms of terminally ill and even give rise to the role of comfort such as pain treatment by paralysis unconscious and bleeding dyspnea palliative care frequency exposure to several dozens of times since the specific circumstances should be based on conditions and equipment may be, but it must be the aim of not increasing the suffering of patients for treatment in the event of a larger principle of radiation reaction or KS scores decline may modify, as appropriate treatment options Department of irradiation treatment to reduce the symptoms of the site have generally less available to high-dose radiotherapy
3. Pre-operative radiotherapy: aimed at improving the surgical resection rate reduction surgery caused the risk of tumor spread is estimated that surgical resection of patients have no difficulty in high-dose pre-operative radiotherapy less; such as a huge tumor or surgical resection of the estimated foreign invasion can be difficult separated from conventional radiotherapy radiotherapy surgery generally about 50 days to better not be longer than three months
4. Post-operative radiotherapy: for preoperative estimation of surgery to remove the tumor is not the case should be thoroughly partial residual foci folder placed silver markings radiotherapy can accurately positioning
5. Intracavity radiotherapy short distance: the limitations applicable to the cancer in bronchial technology can be installed after the catheter placed through fiberbronchoscope Department bronchial lesions using Iridium (192Ir) brachytherapy for in vitro irradiation can improve the therapeutic effect with
[Edit this paragraph] lung cancer metastasis
Advanced lung cancer can occur in various organs of the transfer, can cause the corresponding symptoms, patients often cause great pain, and even life-threatening. Clinical The most common site of metastasis are as follows:
1. Lung cancer with brain metastasis of lung cancer patients appears no reason for the headache, vomiting, visual impairment, as well as personality, temperament changes in lung cancer may be transferred to the brain caused by intracranial hypertension or brain damage caused. Commonly found in small cell lung cancer, adenocarcinoma type. Headache for the most common symptoms, vomiting, intense headache and more appear in, the characteristics of jet vomiting; visual impairment is illustrated in the tumor has been the impact of oppression or violation of the optic nerve, in addition to the above-mentioned common symptoms, the lung cancer with brain metastasis may also occur rehabilitation as, paroxysmal amaurosis, cataplexy, disturbance of consciousness, blood pressure, pulse slowed down, and severe cases may have a brain tumor led to respiratory arrest, endangering the patient's life. In addition, in recent years because of lung cancer patients brain CT examination of the widely used and found that many asymptomatic patients with brain metastases, for the treatment of time to win. Therefore, patients diagnosed with lung cancer brain CT should be included as a routine examination for early detection of brain metastases.
2. Lung cancer bone metastases: there are about 50 percent of lung cancer patients could ultimately lead to several parts of the bone metastases. Early bone metastases in general without any symptoms, isotope bone scan can be found in the bone lesions. Symptoms of bone metastasis and tumor metastasis, quantity, such as the transfer of lung cancer caused by rib chest pain, and more performance parts for the limitations of the chest wall, with clear points of pain tenderness. Spinal cord compression caused by the middle of or after the lesion back pain, while the limbs or trunk caused by bone metastases of the limitations of the site of pain. Bone metastasis is not a threat to the lives of lung cancer patients the direct cause, but if the body of tumor metastasis to the load-bearing bone, such as cervical, thoracic, lumbar spine can cause paralysis and other parts of the serious consequences. Therefore, patients with bone metastases of lung cancer appear to be timely treatment.
3. Lung cancer liver metastases: Liver cancer is also common metastatic sites, about 28-33% of lung cancer metastases occur. Liver metastasis of primary lung cancer after shedding the blood circulation through the liver and liver invasive cultivation growth, liver metastasis may be single or multiple nodular metastasis. The most common symptoms of liver pain, for the continuing heat, at the same time can be accompanied by loss of appetite, indigestion, such as the performance of impaired liver function
4. Kidney and adrenal metastasis of lung cancer: kidney and adrenal glands are the late emergence of lung cancer metastasis results of blood, about 17% -20% of lung cancer patients with renal and adrenal metastases occur, patients often asymptomatic, some patients may be up kidney area pain, but rarely affect renal function.
5. Other parts of the transfer of lung cancer: Lung Cancer In addition to the above transfer of several common parts, the less there is to see the transfer of parts of the skin, subcutaneous tissue, muscle, intra-abdominal, heart and other parts of the transfer, the symptoms often associated with metastatic sites. Such as the heart may be transferred to the chest, palpitations and even dyspnea, syncope, symptoms such as cardiac rhythm disorders.